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Aging infrastructure has been a growing concern for roadway operators in the past decades. To ensure sustainable roadway management, many agencies have pursued proactive maintenance and emphasized periodical inspection to make better decisions. Recently, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has provided us with new opportunities of inspection at lower costs and in a timely manner. Today, pavement management is one of the active areas where AI is stepping in. For roadway operators, however, better qualitative and quantitative inspection outcome does not necessarily lead to better decisions on optimized pavement maintenance & rehabilitation (M&R). Even if AI detects more pavement cracking, decision-makers still require skilled engineers who assess individual pavement distress and conduct diagnosis.